The hardening of a metal surface by hammering, or by blasting with shot(noun)
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Use "peening" in a sentence
"Hot-rodders of 40 years ago would toughen their crankshafts and connecting rods by shot-peening them after the machining process."
"The fact that it lost that high pitched clank is probably due to the fact that the recoil lugs are now mostly seated due to work-lapping and peening."
"Explain and demonstrate the upsetting of the work-piece and peening of the axe head."