Definition of "penalization" []

• The act of punishing; punishment (noun)

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• ""Clearly there was a 'penalization' in our study, and that's reflected in the high periprocedural MACE rate."
• "One such person is Journalism professor Moraima Guanipa, who comments on Twitter that the bill is a [es] “new attempt to establish censorship and self-censorship through the penalization of journalistic work.”"
• "The penalization of emigration, then, remains in place."